| 1. | Incomplete fault liability system to carrier ' s liability has been determined in the hague rules
《海牙规则》所确定的承运人的过失责任原则是不完全过失责任制。 |
| 2. | Hague - rules - hague rules being always applied to b / l , it seems necessary to stu ^ y the relationship between incorporation clause in b / l and hague rules
鉴于海牙规则常常被适用于提单，本文同时介绍了英美法下的提单并入条款与海牙规则的关系。 |
| 3. | This obligation includes seven taches in the provision of the hague rules and the hague / visby rules . though the content is clear in literal , there are many issues in practice , which need to be regulated by law
《海牙规则》和《维斯比规则》在条文中将管货义务具体为七个环节，虽然从字面上看来内容很清楚，但实际上每个环节在具体实践中都有很多问题需要从法律上来规范。 |
| 4. | Cmi has been endeavoring the international unification of the law relating to carrier ' s liability system arising out of the carriage of goods by sea since 1907 . the hague rules which was adopted in 1924 started the beginning of the unification of carrier ' s liability system
自1907年以来， cmi就一直致力于海上货物运输法承运人责任制度的国际统一，并于1924年制定了海牙规则，开创了承运人责任制度统一的先河，随着1968年修订海牙规则维斯比议定书的通过，统一的程度有所降低。 |
| 5. | This chapter covers the topics as follows : whether hague rules permit the application of arbitration as a method of settlement of disputes ; whether arbitration clause could stipulate a time bar less than one year ; where arbitration clause fails to provide time limitation , whether the one - year time bar in hague rules should apply
该部分涉及海牙规则是否允许使用仲裁解决争议；仲裁条款可否规定短于一年的仲裁时效；如果仲裁条款没有仲裁时效，海牙规则规定的一年诉讼时效过后，当事方可否提起仲裁等。 |
| 6. | Having this in mind , researching methodologies and ideas of this paper are based on the analysis of general principles of burden of proof in civil law . meanwhile , taking into account the specialties of shipping law , this paper compared the rules of burden of proof among hague rules , hague - visby rules , hamburg rules , draft of united states carriage of goods by sea act 1999 ( cogsa ) , china maritime code and china contract act 2000
有鉴于此，本论文对海运货损索赔举证责任的研究是建立在对一般民事举证责任分析的基础上，结合海商法特点，重点对《海牙规则》 、 《海牙威斯比规则》 、 《汉堡规则》 、美国1999年海上货物运输法草案以及我国《合同法》 、 《海商法》对海运货损索赔举证责任的规定做了具体的比较和分析。 |
| 7. | The degree of uniformity decreased as the visby protocol amendment to the hague rules was adopted in 1968 . afterthe hamburg rules entered into force which brought about a system of liability which is significantly different from that of the hague rules and hague - visby rules , the pace of disunification increased significantly
汉堡规则引进了完全不同于海牙规则和维斯比规则的责任制度，它的生效致使分裂的进程进一步加快。另外有一些国家游离于公约之外，形成自己的承运人责任制度。 |
| 8. | In the third part , the writer firstly is in an attempt to analyze rules of burden of proof in the importantly international conventions , namely hague rules , hague - visby rules and hamburg rules . by paying a close scrutiny on judicial precedents in different countries , the different approaches on the burden of proof in these conventions have been further stressed . under the international criticisms towards these approaches , the united states has drafted its carriage of goods by
另一方面，在各国对规则要求进行修改的呼声中，美国已推出了1999年海上货物运输法草案，美国作为世界上经济一大强国，这部法律的出台肯定会对我国海商领域产生重大的影响，在该草案中在举证责任方面做了许多有别于现有国际公约的规定，因此在本论文中对美国99cogsa的相关规定也做了具体评析。 |
| 9. | Nevertheless , china maritime code does not regulate issues concerning bill of lading negotiation roundly and systematically . and it cannot seek a better resolution by international conventions such as hague rules , hamburg rules . so there remains many matters and disputes unresolved in practice
然而，我国《海商法》对于提单转让相关问题规定的不尽系统和全面，而通过《海牙规则》和《汉堡规则》国际公约中关于提单的规定也不能够很好地解决问题，导致实践中诸多问题的出现。 |
